Knowing what to claim as taxable and nontaxable income can reduce your tax liability. Here's what you should know.
Key Takeaways
• Income received as wages, salaries, commissions, rental income, royalty payments, stock options, dividends and interest, and self-employment income are taxable. Unemployment compensation generally is taxable.
• Inheritances, gifts, cash rebates, alimony payments (for divorce decrees finalized after 2018), child support payments, most healthcare benefits, welfare payments, and money that is reimbursed from qualifying adoptions are deemed nontaxable by the IRS.
• Money from a qualified scholarship isn't taxable, but if you use the money for room and board or to pay other personal expenses, that portion is normally taxable.
• Miscellaneous income is taxable. This can include the remaining amount of a debt or loan that is canceled, employer contributions to an unqualified retirement plan, and sickness, injury, and disability retirement payments from an employer-paid plan.
What's not taxable
Nontaxable income won’t be taxed, whether or not you enter it on your tax return. The following items are deemed nontaxable by the IRS:
- Inheritances, gifts and bequests
- Cash rebates on items you purchase from a retailer, manufacturer or dealer
- Alimony payments (for divorce decrees finalized after 2018)
- Child support payments
- Most healthcare benefits
- Money that is reimbursed from qualifying adoptions
- Welfare payments
Under certain circ*mstances, the following items may be nontaxable. TurboTax can help you determine what should be included in your return.
- Money you receive from a life insurance policy when someone dies is not taxable. However, if you cash in a life insurance policy, then a portion, if not all of it, is likely taxable.
- Money from a qualified scholarship is not taxable. However, if you use the money for room and board, or use it to pay other personal expenses, that portion is normally taxable.
Compensation
Generally, income can be received in three ways: money, services and property. But, you can also pay tax on income not yet in your bank account. For example, if you receive a check but don’t cash it by the end of the tax year, it is still considered income for the year you received the check.
The IRS requires that you declare all income on your return. This can include:
- Wages
- Salaries
- Commissions
- Strike pay
- Rental income
- Alimony (for divorce decrees finalized before 2019)
- Royalty payments
- Stock options, dividends and interest
- Self-employment income
Typically, unemployment compensation is also considered taxable income. However, for the 2020 tax year, up to $10,200 of unemployment benefits can be excluded from income. If you are married, each spouse can exclude this amount. Amounts over this remain taxable and if your modified adjusted gross income (AGI) is greater than $150,000 then you can't exclude any unemployment compensation.
TurboTax Tip: Fringe benefits received for services you render are usually considered taxable income, even if someone else receives them, such as your spouse. Taxable benefits may include a company-paid off-site gym membership, a company vehicle for personal use, and holiday gifts from your employer.
Income from fringe benefits
If you receive fringe benefits for services you render, they are usually considered taxable income, even if someone else receives them, such as your spouse. These taxable benefits and perks may include:
- A company-paid off-site gym membership
- A company vehicle for personal use
- Holiday gifts in the form of cash or gift certificates from your employer
- A certain portion of employer-paid dependent care
- Company-paid tuition fees over a certain amount
- Company-paid financial counseling fees
- Employer-paid group life insurance over a certain amount
Miscellaneous income
Income that may not be readily identified as taxable but generally must be included on your tax return includes:
- Employer contributions to an unqualified retirement plan
- The fair-market value of property received for your services
- Disability retirement payments from an employer-paid plan
- Sickness and injury payments from an employer-paid plan
- Property and services for which you bartered
- Money and income from offshore accounts
- The remaining amount of a debt or loan that is canceled or forgiven
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FAQs
Generally, an amount included in your income is taxable unless it is specifically exempted by law. Income that is taxable must be reported on your return and is subject to tax. Income that is nontaxable may have to be shown on your tax return but is not taxable.
What is the difference between taxable income and non taxable income? ›
Most income is taxable unless it's specifically exempted by law. Income can be money, property, goods or services. Even if you don't receive a form reporting income, you should report it on your tax return. Income is taxable when you receive it, even if you don't cash it or use it right away.
Does tax free income affect your tax bracket? ›
Most common tax-free income are gifts and government need-based benefits. You are not required to report non-taxable income on your tax return. If you choose to report it, it will not affect your tax liability or tax refund.
How do you determine taxable income? ›
For individual filers, calculating federal taxable income starts by taking all income minus “above the line” deductions and exemptions, like certain retirement plan contributions, higher education expenses, student loan interest, and alimony payments, among others.
What is the difference between total income and taxable income? ›
Gross income includes all income you receive that isn't explicitly exempt from taxation under the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). Taxable income is the portion of your gross income that's actually subject to taxation. Allowable deductions are subtracted from gross income to arrive at your taxable income.
What is the difference between tax-free and taxable income? ›
In the taxable scenario, taxes are applied annually while in the tax-deferred scenario, the investment is not taxed until the money is withdrawn. In the tax-free scenario, the money is an investment that is not subject to Federal or State tax.
Is it bad to have no taxable income? ›
Typically, if you do not have any taxable income, you do not need to file a tax return. However, the stimulus payments in recent years have shown us how important it is to have your information updated with the IRS, so filing returns without any taxable income has become very normal.
How much federal tax should I pay if I make $75000 a year? ›
The total tax amount for your $75,000 income is the sum of $1,160 + $4,266 + $6,127 = $11,553 (ignoring any itemized or standard deduction applied to your taxes).
What is the average tax return for a single person making $60,000? ›
If you make $60,000 a year living in the region of California, USA, you will be taxed $13,653. That means that your net pay will be $46,347 per year, or $3,862 per month.
What is the federal tax rate for someone making $60,000 a year? ›
Although $60,000 falls within the 22% tax bracket, only income that falls within the range for the 22% bracket gets taxed at the 22% rate. The first $11,000 is taxed at 10%.
Sounds like you have self-employment tax for the consulting income. That is for Social Security and Medicare. You have self-employment income for which you will pay self-employment tax for Social Security and Medicare.
Does a 401k reduce taxable income? ›
Your employer may offer a 401(k), 403(b) or other retirement savings plan. Contributions to these plans may be made pretax, which means they will reduce the amount of your income that is subject to tax for this year.
Is Social Security considered taxable income? ›
You report the taxable portion of your social security benefits on line 6b of Form 1040 or Form 1040-SR. Your benefits may be taxable if the total of (1) one-half of your benefits, plus (2) all of your other income, including tax-exempt interest, is greater than the base amount for your filing status.
What type of income is not taxable? ›
Nontaxable income won't be taxed, whether or not you enter it on your tax return. The following items are deemed nontaxable by the IRS: Inheritances, gifts and bequests. Cash rebates on items you purchase from a retailer, manufacturer or dealer.
What is included in taxable income? ›
It can be described broadly as adjusted gross income (AGI) minus allowable itemized or standard deductions. Taxable income includes wages, salaries, bonuses, and tips, as well as investment income and various types of unearned income.
What determines your tax bracket? ›
Your tax rate typically increases as your taxable income increases. The overall effect is that higher-income taxpayers usually pay a higher rate of income tax than lower-income taxpayers. Your effective tax rate is the percentage of your income that you owe in taxes.
What is taxable and non taxable Social Security income? ›
Your Social Security is not taxable if your total income for the year is less than $25,000 and you file as a single, individual taxpayer. Half or 50% is taxable if your income is in the $25,000 to $34,000 range. Up to 85% of your benefits may be taxable if your total income is higher.
What is the difference between taxable and non taxable accounts? ›
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Nontaxable accounts provide tax incentives up front, while taxable accounts allow an individual to save and invest funds above the contribution limits on IRAs and other retirement plans.
What is the difference between taxable income and earned income? ›
Earned income includes all of the following types of income: Wages, salaries, tips, and other taxable employee pay. Employee pay is earned income only if it is taxable. Nontaxable employee pay, such as certain dependent care benefits and adoption benefits, is not earned income.
What is the difference between taxable and non taxable interest? ›
taxable interest income — interest income that is subject to income tax. All interest income is taxable unless specifically excluded. tax-exempt interest income — interest income that is not subject to income tax.
