When to Invest in Treasury Bills vs. Bonds - Experian (2024)

In this article:

  • What Are Treasury Bills?
  • Pros and Cons of Investing in Treasury Bills
  • What Are Treasury Bonds?
  • Pros and Cons of Investing in Treasury Bonds
  • Treasury Bills vs. Bonds

Government bonds provide a low-risk way to invest. Gains may lag behind higher-risk assets like stocks, but they can help diversify your portfolio and provide a steady stream of reliable income. Treasury bonds and Treasury bills work a little differently, but both are debt securities that are available through the federal government. Each has its own pros and cons. Here's what you need to know about how Treasury bills compare to bonds—and how to pick the right option for you.

What Are Treasury Bills?

Treasury bills, also known as T-bills, are short-term bonds with terms ranging anywhere from four weeks to one year. They offer a fixed interest rate that's paid when the bill matures. Treasury bills are available via auction at a discount of their face value, which is the bill's value when it's first issued. It's also the amount you'll get back upon maturity. Auctions occur weekly for bills that take less than a year to mature. For 52-week bills, auctions happen every four weeks.

Pros and Cons of Investing in Treasury Bills

Pros

  • Good for short-term investing: If you have a short investment timeline, T-bills can be a good option—especially if you're looking for a low-risk investment. As of November 2023, 26-week Treasury bills had yields of over 5%.
  • Liquidity: Thanks to their short maturity periods, you won't have to wait too long to earn interest. You can also sell a T-bill before it matures without penalty, though there's no guarantee that you'll recoup your investment. Still, T-bills offer more liquidity than low-risk investments like certificates of deposit (CDs).
  • Tax benefits: Earned interest is subject to federal income tax but exempt from state and local taxes.

Cons

  • Modest returns: As of November 2023, yields were just over 5%. Contrast that with the stock market, which has had average annual returns of about 10% for the past century. Of course, stock investing comes with more risk.
  • Sensitive to rising interest rates: If rates begin increasing after you've purchased a T-bill, you'll be stuck with a lower rate until it matures.
  • Delayed interest payments: With a Treasury bill, you won't receive an interest payment until the term ends. That could be an issue if you're looking for a regular source of income.

What Are Treasury Bonds?

Treasury bonds (T-bonds for short) are designed for long-term investing. They're available in 20- and 30-year terms and pay interest every six months. The rate is fixed, so interest payments stay the same for the life of the bond. As of November 2023, the interest rate on both 20- and 30-year Treasury bonds was 4.75%. Like Treasury bills, they're available for purchase via auction through TreasuryDirect.gov. You can also go through a bank, broker or dealer. Auctions occur four times a year for original issues; eight times a year for reopenings.

Pros and Cons of Investing in Treasury Bonds

Pros

  • Low risk: If you're a conservative investor with a low appetite for risk, Treasury bonds might be worth considering. They aren't known for offering robust returns, but it's highly unlikely that you'll lose money.
  • Tax perks: Like T-bills, you won't owe state or local taxes on interest earned from Treasury bonds. However, you'll owe federal taxes each year until the bond matures.
  • Attractive during retirement: Keeping a portion of your nest egg in T-bonds can expose you to less risk when compared to the stock market. It can also provide regular interest payments when you're no longer working.

Cons

  • Lackluster returns: CD yields are often higher when compared to Treasury bonds. As of November 2023, some CD rates were as high as 5.75%.
  • Vulnerable to inflation: The price of consumer goods can increase significantly over the course of 20 or 30 years. Inflation can gradually diminish the value of your interest payments.
  • Affected by rising interest rates: When you buy a Treasury bond, you're locked into its interest rate until it matures—which will be at least two decades away. That means you'll miss out if rates eventually increase.

Treasury Bills vs. Bonds

Treasury Bonds Treasury Bills
Best for Long-term investing Short-term investing
Time to maturity 20 or 30 years Four weeks to one year
Interest payment schedule Fixed payments every six months Fixed payment when the bill matures
Tax treatment Federal income tax due annually; exempt from state and local taxes Interest subject to federal income tax; exempt from state and local taxes
Risk level Low Low

The Bottom Line

Both Treasury bonds and Treasury bills are low-risk debt securities issued by the federal government. T-bonds are designed for long-term investing, while T-bills have much shorter maturity periods. Both can help diversify your investment portfolio while shielding you from state and local taxes. The right one for you will depend on your investment timeline and financial goals. Keep in mind that stock investing, while riskier, is often necessary to fuel long-term growth.

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When to Invest in Treasury Bills vs. Bonds - Experian (2024)

FAQs

Should I invest in Treasury bills or bonds? ›

T-bonds are designed for long-term investing, while T-bills have much shorter maturity periods. Both can help diversify your investment portfolio while shielding you from state and local taxes. The right one for you will depend on your investment timeline and financial goals.

Should I buy Treasury bonds when interest rates are high? ›

Should I only buy bonds when interest rates are high? There are advantages to purchasing bonds after interest rates have risen. Along with generating a larger income stream, such bonds may be subject to less interest rate risk, as there may be a reduced chance of rates moving significantly higher from current levels.

What is the downside to buying Treasury bonds? ›

These are U.S. government bonds that offer a unique combination of safety and steady income. But while they are lauded for their security and reliability, potential drawbacks such as interest rate risk, low returns and inflation risk must be carefully considered.

Should I put my emergency fund in Treasury bills? ›

And if you have to spend any of the money, you should plan to replace it. You might also consider buying U.S. Treasury bills with some of your emergency fund money. They, too, can be timed to mature on a regular schedule and, like CDs, they tend to pay more interest than a simple savings account.

What is the disadvantage of investing in Treasury bills? ›

The following are the disadvantages of T-bills: The returns on T-bills are generally lower than other investments, such as stocks or bonds. This means that investors looking for high returns may not find T-bills attractive.

Why do people still invest in Treasury bills? ›

While interest rates and inflation can affect Treasury bill rates, they're generally considered a lower-risk (but lower-reward) investment than other debt securities. Treasury bills are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. If held to maturity, T-bills are considered virtually risk-free.

Is now a good time to buy T bills? ›

The pros and cons of taking refuge in cash now that yields are hovering above 5%. Cash investors haven't had it this good in years. After a long period of near-zero yields, yields on the three-month Treasury bill have been as high as 5.5% so far in 2023—their highest level since December 2000.

Do Treasuries go up when interest rates rise? ›

A fundamental principle of bond investing is that market interest rates and bond prices generally move in opposite directions. When market interest rates rise, prices of fixed-rate bonds fall. this phenomenon is known as interest rate risk.

Is now a good time to buy bonds in 2024? ›

Vanguard's active fixed income team believes emerging markets (EM) bonds could outperform much of the rest of the fixed income market in 2024 because of the likelihood of declining global interest rates, the current yield premium over U.S. investment-grade bonds, and a longer duration profile than U.S. high yield.

Can you lose principal on Treasury bills? ›

The No. 1 advantage that T-bills offer relative to other investments is the fact that there's virtually zero risk that you'll lose your initial investment. The government backs these securities so there's much less need to worry that you could lose money in the deal compared to other investments.

How do you avoid tax on Treasury bonds? ›

You can skip paying taxes on interest earned with Series EE and Series I savings bonds if you're using the money to pay for qualified higher education costs. That includes expenses you pay for yourself, your spouse or a qualified dependent. Only certain qualified higher education costs are covered, including: Tuition.

What happens when my treasury bill matures? ›

When the bill matures, you are paid its face value. You can hold a bill until it matures or sell it before it matures.

Should you invest in Treasury bills during recession? ›

During a recession, investing in cash and cash equivalents becomes a strategic choice for investors who are hoping to preserve their capital and maintain liquidity. Cash equivalents include short-term, highly liquid assets with minimal risk, such as Treasury bills, money market funds and certificates of deposit.

Which is better, a CD or a Treasury bill? ›

Choosing between a CD and Treasuries depends on how long of a term you want. For terms of one to six months, as well as 10 years, rates are close enough that Treasuries are the better pick. For terms of one to five years, CDs are currently paying more, and it's a large enough difference to give them the edge.

What kind of bond does Suze Orman recommend? ›

I bonds are backed by the government and protect you from inflation because when inflation increases, the combined rate increases. While I bonds are still a great investment, Orman says CDs and Treasury Bills may be better for the long run.

How much does a $1000 T-bill cost? ›

To calculate the price, take 180 days and multiply by 1.5 to get 270. Then, divide by 360 to get 0.75, and subtract 100 minus 0.75. The answer is 99.25. Because you're buying a $1,000 Treasury bill instead of one for $100, multiply 99.25 by 10 to get the final price of $992.50.

What is the 6 month Treasury bill rate? ›

6 Month Treasury Rate is at 5.41%, compared to 5.42% the previous market day and 5.04% last year. This is higher than the long term average of 2.84%. The 6 Month Treasury Bill Rate is the yield received for investing in a US government issued treasury security that has a maturity of 6 months.

Is it better to buy CDs or Treasury bills? ›

Choosing between a CD and Treasuries depends on how long of a term you want. For terms of one to six months, as well as 10 years, rates are close enough that Treasuries are the better pick. For terms of one to five years, CDs are currently paying more, and it's a large enough difference to give them the edge.

What is the current 4 week T-bill rate? ›

Basic Info

4 Week Treasury Bill Rate is at 5.28%, compared to 5.27% the previous market day and 5.54% last year. This is higher than the long term average of 1.41%.

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